Common Interest vs. Uncommon Enmity The Transition from Informal ..Familienpolitik" to Formal Political Association

Teachers' Attitudes towards Teaching in Formal vs. Informal ELT Contexts

Up to now, many studies have been done to show the origin of attitudes and their relationships with behaviors or actions. Some of those works have focused on students' attitudes and some have introduced the various contexts of language teaching and learning. These studies were enough to give a new impetus for conducting the present investigation. This paper investigated the teachers' attitudes ...

From Informal to Formal?

The chapter describes an empirical study of a sociotechnical community—as an extended part of an institution—with the aim of revealing its changing processes. One hypothesis is that structures of socio-technical communities evolve from being less defined and informal to being more formal structures supported by evolving social control mechanisms, regulations and rules. The focus is the new emer...

From Enmity to Amity

Sloane’s influential On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences is an indispensable research tool in the service of the mathematical community. The sequence A001611 listing the “Fibonacci numbers + 1” contains a very large number of references and links. The sequence A000071 for the “Fibonacci numbers −1” contains an even larger number. Strangely, resentment seems to prevail between the two sequ...

From Informal to Formal Specifications in UML

In this paper, we consider a way of bridging informal and formal specification. Most projects have a need for an informal description of the requirements of the system which all people involved can understand. At the same time, there is a need to make some of the requirements more formal. We present a way to relate informal requirements, in form of use cases, to more formal specifications, writ...

Tool support of orderly transition from informal to formal descriptions in requirements engineering